The sensation of hunger does not begin in the stomach. It begins in the brain. Between the intestine and the brain there is a permanent connection. Every time we eat or feel hungry, a complex dialogue takes place in our body between hormones, nerves, and centers that control appetite.
Who "ignites" hunger?
The main hormone of hunger is called ghrelin.
It is secreted by the stomach when it is empty. Its level increases before meals and sends the brain the message: "It's time to eat."
The longer we go without eating, the stronger the signal becomes.
Who "closes" appetite?
After we eat, the intestine releases multiple hormones that help us stop:
- GLP-1 – reduces food cravings and slows gastric emptying
- PYY – prolongs the sensation of satiety
- CCK – rapidly transmits the signal that the stomach is full
- Oxyntomodulin – contributes to appetite reduction
These hormones reach the brain through the blood and through the vagus nerve, essentially saying: "That's enough."
Why do we sometimes not feel satiety?
Because this system can be influenced by:
diet rich in ultra-processed products
- eating quickly
- stress
- lack of sleep
- hormonal imbalances
When the natural mechanism is disrupted, the brain no longer correctly receives the stop signal.
What does this have to do with modern treatments?
Research on the GLP-1 hormone has led to the development of medications that mimic its natural action.
These can:
- reduce food cravings
- help with weight loss
- improve blood glucose control
Important: they do not replace a balanced lifestyle, but rather complement it.
What can we do in our daily lives?
To help this "brain in the belly" function correctly:
- eat more slowly
- include protein and fiber in meals
- sleep enough
- reduce stress
- avoid constant snacking between meals
Conclusion
Hunger is not a lack of willpower. It is a complex biological mechanism.
When we understand how it works, we can make more conscious choices — without guilt and without extremes.